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Usage: m=MAX(list)
or m=MAX(array(),element)
Returns the greatest of a list of numeric items. The list can be either:
or
When operating on an array, the first argument must be the array name followed by (). The second argument, separated from the first by a comma, is the number of array elements you wish to operate on for example m=MAX(arr(),3) would return the value of the largest of elements arr(1), arr(2) and arr(3).
Usage: mCARD title$,n1$,k1%
or mCARD title$,n1$,k1%,n2$,k2% etc.
Defines a menu. When you have defined all of the menus, use MENU to display them.
title$ is the name of the menu. From one to eight items on the menu may be defined, each specified by two arguments. The first is the item name, and the second the keycode for a shortcut key. This specifies a key which, when pressed together with Ctrl will select the option. If the keycode is for an upper case key, the shortcut key will be Shift+Ctrl.
The options can be divided into logical groups by displaying a separating line under the final option in a group. To do this, pass the negative value corresponding to the shortcut key keycode for the final option in the group. For example, -%A specifies shortcut key Shift+Ctrl+A and displays a separating line under the associated option in the menu.
Menu items without shortcuts can be specified using shortcut values between 1 and 32. For these items the value specified is still returned if the item is selected.
Other properties can be specified by adding one or more of the following flags to the shortcut keycode:
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$1000 |
Menu item is dimmed. |
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$2000 |
Checkbox option button symbol on. |
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$4000 |
Checkbox or option button symbol indeterminate. |
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$0800 |
Item has a checkbox. |
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$0900 |
Item starts an option button list. |
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$0A00 |
In the middle of an option button list. |
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$0B00 |
Ends an option button list. |
These constants are supplied in Const.oph.
The start, middle and end option buttons are for specifying a group of related items that can be selected exclusively (i.e. if one item is selected then the others are deselected). The number of middle option buttons is variable. A single menu card can have more than one set of option buttons and checkboxes, but option buttons in a set should be kept together. For speed, OPL does not check the consistency of these items’ specification.
If a separating line is required when any of these effects had been added, you must be sure to negate the whole value, not just the shortcut key keycode. For example:
mCARD "Options","View1",%A OR $2900,"View2",-(%B OR $B00), "Another option",%C
Here, the second shortcut key keycode and its flag value is correctly negated to display a separating line.
A ‘Too wide’ error is raised if the menu title length is greater than or equal to 40. Shortcut values must be alphabetic character codes or numbers between the values of 1 and 32. Any other values will raise an ‘Invalid arguments’ error.
If any menu item fails to be added successfully, a menu is discarded. It is therefore incorrect to ignore mCARD errors by having an ONERR label around an mCARD call. If you do, the menu is discarded and a ‘Structure fault’ will be raised on using mCARD without first using mINIT again. See MENU for an example of this.
If more menu items are displayed in a menu card or cascade than are displayable on the screen, the menu will be drawn with a scroll bar. It is recommended that programmers do not define menus which scroll to keep the pen actions the user has to make to use the program to a minimum: see Defining the menus.
No changes need to be made to existing code to use this new functionality.
See also: mCASC and Menus.
Usage: mCASC title$,item1$,hotkey1%,item2$,hotkey2%
Creates a cascade for a menu, on which less important menu items can be displayed. The cascade must be defined before use in a menu card. For example, a ‘Bitmap’ cascade under the File menu of a possible OPL drawing application could be defined like this:
mCASC "Bitmap","Load",%L,"Merge",%M
mCARD "File","New",%n,"Open",%o,"Save",%s,"Bitmap>",16,"Exit",%e
The trailing > character specifies that a previously defined cascade item is to be used in the menu at this point: it is not displayed in the menu item. A cascade has a filled arrow head displayed along side it in the menu. The cascade title in mCASC is also used only for identification purposes and is not displayed in the cascade itself. This title needs to be identical to the menu item text apart from the >. For efficiency, OPL doesn’t check that a defined cascade has been used in a menu and an unused cascade will simply be ignored. To display a > in a cascaded menu item, you can use >>.
Shortcut keys used in cascades may be added to the appropriate constant values as for mCARD to enable checkboxes, option buttons and dimming of cascade items.
As is typical for cascade titles, a shortcut value of 16 is used in the example above. This prevents the display or specification of any shortcut key. However, it is possible to define a shortcut key for a cascade title if required, for example to cycle through the options available in a cascade.
If more menu items are displayed in a menu card or cascade than are displayable on the screen, the menu will be drawn with a scroll bar. It is recommended that programmers do not define menus which scroll to keep the pen actions the user has to make to use the program to a minimum: see Defining the menus.
See also: mCARD, MENU, mINIT, and Menus.
Usage: m=MEAN(list)
or m=MEAN(array(),element)
Returns the arithmetic mean (average) of a list of numeric items. The list can be either:
or
When operating on an array, the first argument must be the array name followed by (). The second argument, separated from the first by a comma, is the number of array elements you wish to operate on for example m=MEAN(arr(),3) would return the average of elements arr(1), arr(2) and arr(3).
This example displays 15.0:
a(1)=10
a(2)=15
a(3)=20
PRINT MEAN(a(),3)
Usage: val%=MENU
or val%=MENU(var init%)
Displays the menus defined by mINIT, mCARD and mCASC, and waits for you to select an item. Returns the shortcut key keycode of the item selected, as defined in mCARD, in lower case.
If you cancel the menu by pressing Esc, MENU returns 0.
If the name of a variable is passed, it sets the initial menu pane and item to be highlighted. init% should be 256*(menu%)+item%; for both menu% and item%, 0 specifies the first, 1 the second and so on. If init% is 517 (=256*2+5), for example, this specifies the 6th item on the third menu.
If init% was passed, MENU writes back to init% the value for the item which was last highlighted on the menu. You can then use this value when calling the menu again.
It is necessary to use MENU(init%), passing back the same variable each time the menu is opened if you wish the menu to reopen with the highlight set on the last selected item.
It is incorrect to ignore mCARD and mCASC errors by having an ONERR label around an mCARD or mCASC call. If you do, the menu is discarded and a ‘Structure fault’ will be raised on using mCARD, mCASC or MENU without first using mINIT again.
The following bad code will not display the menu:
REM ** example of bad code **
mINIT
ONERR errIgnore1
mCARD "Xxx","ItemA",0 REM bad shortcut
errIgnore1::
ONERR errIgnore2
mCARD "Yyy",""
REM ‘Structure fault’ error (mINIT discarded)
errIgnore2::
ONERR OFF
MENU REM ‘Structure fault’ again
If more menu items are displayed in a menu card or cascade than are displayable on the screen, the menu will be drawn with a scroll bar. It is recommended that programmers do not define menus which scroll to keep the pen actions the user has to make to use the program to a minimum: see Defining the menus.
See also: mCARD, mCASC, mINIT and Menus.
Usage: m$=MID$(a$,x%,y%)
Returns a string comprising y% characters of a$, starting at the character at position x%.
E.g. if name$="McConnell" then MID$(name$,3,4) would return the string Conn.
Usage: m=MIN(list)
or m=MIN(array(),element)
Returns the smallest of a list of numeric items. The list can be either:
or
When operating on an array, the first argument must be the array name followed by (). The second argument, separated from the first by a comma, is the number of array elements you wish to operate on for example m=MIN(arr(),3) would return the minimum of elements arr(1), arr(2) and arr(3).
Usage: mINIT
Prepares for definition of menus, cancelling any existing menus. Use mCARD and mCASC to define each menu, then MENU to display them.
It is incorrect to ignore mCARD or mCASC errors by having an ONERR label around an mCARD or mCASC call. If you do, the menu is discarded and a ‘Structure fault’ will be raised if there is an occurrence of mCARD, mCASC or MENU without first using mINIT again. See MENU for an example of this.
See also: mCARD, mCASC and Menus.
Usage: MIME pri%, dtype$
Associates an OPL application with the Internet MIME content type dtype$, using priority pri%. This command can only be used in the scope of an APP...ENDA construct. The priority value specifies how proficient the application is at handling the named data type. dtype% is the name of the data type this app is declaring that it can handle, e.g. text/html, image/png or text/plain.
Declaring a MIME association indicates to the system that the application allows the user to view or manipulate files and data of the named type.
pri% can take any of the following values:
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KMaxInt% |
Reserved for future use. |
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10000 |
This app is superbly capable of handling this data type. |
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0 |
Typical priority. App is proficient at handling this data type. |
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-10000 |
App is merely capable of handling this document type. |
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-20000 |
App should only handle this data type if there are no other apps available which can use it. |
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KMinInt% |
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These constants are supplied in Const.oph. Note that KDataTypePriorityUserSpecified% is reserved for future use.
The .aif file (application information file) for the app is used to store this information once the app has been translated. Only one MIME association is allowed per application, so only one MIME statement can be made in an OPL application’s APP...ENDA declaration.
There are recognisers in the ROM for the following MIME types:
An translated application using the MIME keyword and its .aif file can be installed and run successfully on a pre-ER5 device; however on pre-ER5 machines, the MIME recognition functionality will not be present.
It is not possible to translate OPL source code using the MIME keyword under versions of EPOC prior to ER5.
See also OPL applications and OPL and MIME .
Usage: m%=MINUTE
Returns the current minute number from the system clock (0 to 59).
E.g. at 8.54am MINUTE returns 54.
Usage: MKDIR name$
Creates a new folder/directory. For example, MKDIR "C:\MINE\TEMP" creates a C:\MINE\TEMP folder, also creating C:\MINE if it is not already there.
Usage: MODIFY
Allows the current record of a view to be modified without moving the record. The fields can then be assigned to before using PUT or CANCEL.
Usage: m%=MONTH
Returns the current month from the system clock as an integer between 1 and 12.
E.g. on 12th March 1992 m%=MONTH returns 3 (KMarch%) to m%.
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7 |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 |
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11 |
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6 |
12 |
These constants are supplied in Const.oph.
Usage: m$=MONTH$(x%)
Converts x%, a number from 1 to 12, to the month name, expressed as a three-letter mixed case string.
E.g. MONTH$(KJanuary%) returns the string Jan.
See MONTH for the month number constants.
Usage: mPOPUP(x%,y%,posType%,item1$,key1%,item2$,key2%,...)
Presents a popup menu. mPOPUP returns the value of the keypress used to exit the popup menu, this being 0 if Esc is pressed.
Note that mPOPUP defines and presents the menu itself, and should not and need not be called from inside the mINIT...MENU structure.
posType% is the position type controlling which corner of the popup menu x%,y% specifies and can take the values:
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0 |
Top left. |
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1 |
Top right. |
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2 |
Bottom left. |
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3 |
Bottom right. |
These constants are supplied in Const.oph.
item$ and key% can take the same values as for mCARD, with key% taking the same constant values to specify checkboxes, option buttons and dimmed items. However, cascades in popup menus are not supported.
For example
mPOPUP (0,0,0,"Continue",%c,"Exit",%e)
specifies a popup menu with 0,0 as its top left-hand corner with the items ‘Continue’ and ‘Exit’, with the shortcut keys Ctrl+C and Ctrl+E respectively.
See also mCARD.
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